YVES MBAMA NGANKOUA – C’est à la culture que revient cette mission de sauver l’Afrique
Yves Mbama Ngankoua est franco-congolais. Il est titulaire d’un doctorat lettres modernes option Théâtre. Il a travaillé sur l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett, roman et théâtre. Il a découvert l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett à l’Université Marien Ngouabi de Brazzaville avec Monsieur Jouaneau qui a affranchi les étudiants sur cette œuvre comme sur celles de Genet et de Ionesco. L’œuvre de Beckett est une œuvre toujours en devenir qui plaît à Yves Mbama Ngankoua. Aussi prend-il la décision de la connaître. Une fois en France, il est allé à Cambridge et à Reading consulter les maîtres de Beckett et quelques brouillons. Reading étant l’un des centres en Europe où sont les épreuves de l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett.
Vous avez donc travaillé sur l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett?
En thèse, j’ai travaillé spécifiquement sur la pensée et le langage dans toute l’oeuvre de Beckett avec une interrogation : « Y a-t-il évolution, continuité ou rupture? » « Il y a », telle a été ma conclusion, une évolution et une continuité.
Et tout a commencé à l’université Paris Sorbonne?
En effet, j’ai commencé ma thèse à Paris Sorbonne Paris IV sous la direction du professeur Robert Mauzi, le spécialiste de la question du bonheur au XVIII. Admis à la retraite, il me fallait trouver un autre professeur. C’est ainsi que le professeur Joëlle Gardes Tamine -qui nous a quitté- m’avait recommandé auprès de l’un des meilleurs connaisseurs du théâtre de l’absurde, le Professeur Marie Claude Hubert, d’Aix-en-Provence. J’ai présenté ma thèse devant l’Université d’Aix-en-Provence avec pour présidente de jury, le professeur Joëlle Gardes Tamine et rapporteur le professeur Arlette Chemain, mon professeur de l’Université Marien Ngouabi de Brazzaville, en janvier 1994. J’ai travaillé sur toute l’oeuvre romanesque, théâtrale et poétique voire critique de Beckett.
Qu’est-ce qui vous a donc attiré chez Beckett?
Si j’avais à refaire cette thèse j’aurais regardé l’extinction de la parole pour ne laisser que le murmure puis le souffle. C’est ce côté mystique qui m’a attiré puis intrigué. Beckett est allé au-delà de ce qu’on peut imaginer.
Suite à vos études sur Beckett, vous aviez choisi l’enseignement, un métier désiré?
J’ai toujours voulu être enseignant. J’adore enseigner. Je me cultive sans cesse.
Vous aviez fait également des études sur la critique littéraire et pourquoi aviez-vous choisi la stylistique comme option dans cette étude?
D’abord la styliste pour moi c’est la langue appliquée à l’écriture. J’ai choisi la styliste pour bien comprendre le mécanisme d’agencement des mots dans une phrase, dans un texte. Travailler sur l’œuvre de Samuel Beckett c’est observer cette écriture anatrepique. Elle progresse en disant sa nature.
En tant que critique littéraire, vous participez à la rédaction des revues culturelles ou magazines littéraires comme Éthiopiques de Léopold Sédar Senghor et La Revue des Ressources. Que vous apporte donc cette collaboration?
Mes multiples contributions à ces revues me permettent de diffuser la culture congolaise. Elles me permettent aussi de faire partie de ceux qui, à un moment donné, parlent de Tchicaya U tam’si, de Emmanuel Dongala… Je ne le fais pas pour la gloriole mais pour apprendre encore, améliorer mon écriture et étoffer mes grilles de lecture.
Quels sont les critères qui vous font choisir tel ou tel ouvrage, d’un auteur donné?
Les critères sont subjectifs : la langue, le thème. Il faut que ça me parle.
De la critique à la création littéraire, vous venez de faire un pas en publiant « Les balbutiements d’un homme libre ». De quoi parlez-vous dans ce livre?
Les Balbutiements d’un homme libre est un regard sur moi-même, sur l’Afrique et le Congo. J’espère pouvoir donner d’ici décembre prochain un ou deux textes plus aboutis.
Pensez-vous que l’Afrique est tueuse d’espoir?
Non, le Noir doit sortir de l’ombre le verbe guerrier. Il faut refuser de se faire broyer. Le Noir a un message à adresser à l’humanité. Il doit le faire avec ses mots, avec ses armes. Parler le regard fixe et le verbe, solide.
Dans votre livre, vous parlez de la disparition de l’Afrique : Comment l’Afrique peut-elle disparaître?
Si nous ne prenons garde, l’Afrique court le risque de disparaitre. Elle a des ressources, il suffit de les utiliser avec intelligence et l’Afrique sera sauvée. C’est à la culture que revient cette mission de sauver l’Afrique. Paraphrasons le poète : « Il faut crever la gueule ouverte. Cotisons les idées » pour reprendre les mots de Sony.
A qui donc profitera donc la disparition de l’Afrique?
C’est un crime crapuleux : ceux qui veulent la disparition rapide de l’Afrique lorgnent ses fabuleuses richesses. Gardons espoir pour sauver l’Afrique du naufrage programmé. Aux femmes et aux hommes des lettres de monter à l’assaut des égoïsmes qui condamnent l’Afrique.
Propos recueillis par Marie Léontine Tsibinda Bilombo
126 réponses
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